A-aminoacetophenones as photoinitiators

ABSTRACT

Compounds of the formula I, II, III and IIIa ##STR1## in which Ar 1  is an unsubstituted or substituted aromatic radical and at least one of the radicals R 1  and R 2  is an alkenyl, cycloalkenyl or arylmethyl group, are effective photoinitiators for photopolymerization of unsaturated compounds. They are particularly suitable for photocuring of pigmented systems.

This is a Divisional of application Ser. No. 08/432,035 filed May 1, 1995 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,534,629, which is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 08/222,764 filed Apr. 4, 1994, now Abandoned, which is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 08/014,055, filed Feb. 5, 1993, now abandoned, which is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 07/758,928 filed Sep. 11, 1991, now abandoned, which is a Divisional of application Ser. No. 07/501,409 filed Mar. 28, 1990, Now U.S. Pat. No. 5,077,402, which is a Continuation Ser. No. 07/403,004 filed Sep. 5, 1989, now abandoned, which is a Continuation Ser. No. 07/172,618 filed Mar. 24, 1988, now abandoned.

The invention relates to novel derivatives of α-aminoacetophenone which have an allyl or aralkyl group in the α-position, and to their use as photoinitiators for the photopolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds, in particular for photocuring pigmented systems, such as printing inks or white lacquer.

Derivatives of α-aminoacetophenone are known from EP-A-3,002 as photoinitiators for ethylenically unsaturated compounds. If these compounds have in their 4-position of the phenyl radical substituents containing sulfur or oxygen, the compounds are particularly suitable as photoinitiators for pigmented photocurable systems (EP-A-88,050 and 117,233), for example for UV-curable printing inks.

Derivatives of α-aminoacetophenone which have an amino group in the 4-position of the phenyl radical are described in EP-A-138,754. These compounds are used in combination with photosensitizers from the aromatic carbonyl compound class.

It has now been found that of this general class of α-aminoacetophenones, those which contain at least one alkenyl or aralkyl group in the α-position have a particularly high activity as photoinitiators. These compounds are especially suitable for use in printing inks.

The compounds are specifically those of the formula I, II, III or IIIa, ##STR2## in which Ar¹ is an aromatic radical of the formula IV, V, VI or VII, ##STR3## in which X is a divalent radical of the formula ##STR4## --N(R¹¹)-- or --N(R¹¹)--R¹² --N(R¹¹)--Y is C₁ -C₆ alkylene, cyclohexylene or a direct bond, Y' is xylylene, C₄ -C₈ alkenediyl, C₆ -C₁₀ alkadienediyl, dipentenediyl or dihydroxylylene, U is --O--, --S-- or --N(R¹⁷)--, V is --O--, --S--, --N(R¹⁷)--, --CO--, --CH₂ --, --CH₂ CH₂ --, C₂ -C₆ alkylidene or a direct bond, W is unbranched or branched C₁ -C₇ alkylene or C₂ -C₆ alkylidene, R¹ is either (a) a radical of the formula ##STR5## in which p is zero or 1, or (b) a radical of the formula ##STR6## in which q is 0, 1, 2 or 3, or (c) a radical of the formula ##STR7## in which Ar² is a phenyl, naphthyl, furyl, thienyl or pyridyl radical which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, OH, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, C₁ -C₄ alkyl which is substituted by OH, halogen, --N(R¹¹)₂, --C₁ -C₁₂ alkoxy, --COO(C₁ -C₁₈ alkyl), --CO(OCH₂ CH₂)_(n) OCH₃ or --OCO(C₁ -C₄)alkyl, C₁ -C₁₂ alkoxy, C₁ -C₄ alkoxy which is substituted by --COO(C₁ -C₁₈ -alkyl) or --CO(OCH₂ CH₂)_(n) OCH₃, --(OCH₂ CH₂)_(n) OH, --(OCH₂ CH₂)_(n) OCH₃, C₁ -C₈ alkylthio, phenoxy, --COO(C₁ -C₁₈ alkyl), --CO(OCH₂ CH₂)_(n) OCH₃, phenyl or benzoyl, in which n is 1-20, or (d) together with R² forms a radical of the formula ##STR8## in which m is 1 or 2, R² has one of the meanings given for R¹ or is C₅ -C₆ cycloalkyl, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by C₁ -C₄ alkoxy, phenoxy, halogen or phenyl, or phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl or C₁ -C₄ alkoxy, R³ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, C₂ -C₄ alkyl which is substituted by hydroxyl, C₁ -C₄ alkoxy, --CN or --COO(C₁ -C₄ alkyl), C₃ -C₅ alkenyl, C₅ -C₁₂ cycloalkyl or C₇ -C₉ phenylalkyl, R⁴ is C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, C₂ -C₄ alkyl which is substituted by hydroxyl, C₁ -C₄ alkoxy, --CN or --COO(C₁ -C₄ alkyl), C₃ -C₅ -alkenyl, C₅ -C₁₂ cycloalkyl, C₇ -C₉ phenylalkyl, phenyl or phenyl which is substituted by halogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, C₁ -C₄ alkoxy or --COO(C₁ -C₄ -alkyl or R⁴ together with R² is C₁ -C₇ alkylene, C₇ -C₁₀ phenylalkylene, o-xylylene, 2-butenylene or C₂ -C₃ oxa- or -azaalkylene, or R³ and R⁴ together are C₃ -C₇ alkylene, which can be interrupted by --O--, --S--, --CO-- or --N(R¹⁷)-- or can be substituted by hydroxyl, C₁ -C₄ alkoxy or --COO(C₁ -C₄ alkyl), R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ and R⁹ independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, C₅ -C₆ cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, benzoyl or a group --OR¹⁸, --SR¹⁹, --SO--R¹⁹, --SO₂ --R¹⁹, --N(R²⁰)(R²¹), --NH--SO₂ --R²² or ##STR9## in which Z is --O--, --S--, --N(R¹¹)--, --N(R¹¹)--R¹² --N(R¹¹)-- or ##STR10## in which, in the case where R¹ is allyl and R² is methyl, R⁵ is not --OCH₃, and in the case where R¹ is benzyl and R² is methyl or benzyl, R⁵ is not --OCH₃, --SCH₃ or --SO--CH₃, R¹⁰ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, halogen or C₂ -C₈ alkanoyl, R¹¹ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₈ alkyl, C₃ -C₅ alkenyl, C₇ -C₉ phenylalkyl, C₁ -C₄ hydroxyalkyl or phenyl, R¹² is unbranched or branched C₂ -C₁₆ alkylene, which can be interrupted by one or more --O--, --S-- or --N(R¹¹)--, R¹³ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₈ alkyl or phenyl, R¹⁴, R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ independently of one another are hydrogen or C₁ -C₄ -alkyl, or R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ together are C₃ -C₇ alkylene, R¹⁷ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, which can be interrupted by one or more --O--, C₃ -C₅ -alkenyl, C₇ -C₉ -phenylalkyl, C₁ -C₄ hydroxyalkyl, --CH₂ CH₂ CN, --CH₂ CH₂ COO(C₁ -C₄ alkyl), C₂ -C₈ alkanoyl or benzoyl, R¹⁸ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, C₁ -C₆ alkyl which is substituted by --CN, --OH, C₁ -C₄ alkoxy, C₃ -C₆ alkenoxy, --OCH₂ CH₂ CN, --OCH₂ CH₂ COO(C₁ -C₄ alkyl), --COOH or --COO(C₁ -C₄ alkyl), --(CH₂ CH₂ O)_(n) H where n=2-20, C₂ -C₈ alkanoyl, C₃ -C₁₂ alkenyl, cyclohexyl, hydroxycyclohexyl, phenyl, phenyl which is substituted by halogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl or C₁ -C₄ alkoxy, C₇ -C₉ phenylalkyl or --Si(C₁ -C₈ alkyl)_(r) (phenyl)3-r where r=1, 2 or 3, R¹⁹ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₂ -alkyl, C₃ -C₁₂ alkenyl, cyclohexyl, C₁ -C₆ alkyl which is substituted by --SH, --OH, --CN, --COO(C₁ -C₄ alkyl), C₁ -C₄ alkoxy, --OCH₂ CH₂ CN or --OCH₂ CH₂ COO(C₁ -C₄ alkyl), phenyl, phenyl which is substituted by halogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl or C₁ -C₄ alkoxy or C₇ -C₉ phenylalkyl, R²⁰ and R²¹ independently of one another are hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, C₂ -C₄ -hydroxyalkyl, C₂ -C₁₀ alkoxyalkyl, C₃ -C₅ alkenyl, C₅ -C₁₂ cycloalkyl, C₇ -C₉ phenylalkyl, phenyl, phenyl which is substituted by halogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl or C₁ -C₄ alkoxy, C₂ -C₃ alkanoyl or benzoyl, or R²⁰ and R²¹ together are C₂ -C₈ alkylene, which can be interrupted by --O--, --S-- or --N(R¹⁷)--, or can be substituted by hydroxyl, C₁ -C₄ alkoxy or --COO(C₁ -C₄ alkyl) and R²² is C₁ -C₁₈ alkyl, phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl or C₁ -C₈ alkoxy or naphthyl, or an acid addition salt of such a compound, in particular compounds of the formula I in which Ar¹ is a group of the formula IV, V or VII and R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, V, U and W are as defined above.

C₁ -C₄ Alkyl R¹⁴, R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ can be, for example, methyl, ethyl propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl.

C₁ -C₈ Alkyl R², R¹¹ and R¹³ can moreover also be, for example, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl or 2,2,4,4-tetramethylbutyl. C₁ -C₁₂ Alkyl R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, R¹⁹, R²⁰ and R²¹ can moreover also be, for example, nonyl, decyl, isodecyl, undecyl or dodecyl.

C₃ -C₈ Alkenyl R³, R⁴, R¹¹, R¹⁷, R²⁰ and R²¹ can be, for example, allyl, methallyl, crotyl or dimethylallyl, allyl being preferred. C₃ -C₁₂ Alkenyl R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ can moreover also be, for example, hexenyl, octenyl or decenyl.

C₅ -C₆ Cycloalkyl R², R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ and R⁹ are, in particular, cyclohexyl. C₅ -C₁₂ Cycloalkyl R³, R⁴, R²⁰ and R²¹ can moreover also be, for example, cyclooctyl or cyclododecyl.

C₇ -C₉ Phenylalkyl R³, R⁴, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, R¹⁹, R²⁰ and R²¹ is, in particular, benzyl.

C₁ -C₆ Alkylene Y can be, for example, methylene, or di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- or hexamethylene. C₁ -C₇ Alkylene W can be, for example, methylene, ethylene, 1,2-propylene or 1,2-hexylene.

C₂ -C₆ Alkylidene V and W can be, for example, ethylidene, propylidene, butylidene, isobutylidene or hexylidene.

Examples of Ar² are the groups phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-chlorophenyl, tolyl, 4-isopropylphenyl, 4-octylphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-phenoxyphenyl, 4-phenylphenyl, 4-benzoylphenyl, 4-chloro-1-naphthyl and 4-methyl-2-pyridyl.

Examples of substituted alkyl R² are the groups 2-methoxyethyl, 3-butoxypropyl, 2-isopropoxyethyl, 4-phenoxybutyl, 2-chloroethyl, 3-chloropropyl, 2-phenylethyl or 3-phenylpropyl. Examples of substituted phenyl R² are the groups 4-chlorophenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-tolyl or 4-butylphenyl.

Substituted alkyl R³ and R⁴ can be, for example, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxyisobutyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-methoxypropyl, 2-butoxyethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2-ethoxycarbonylethyl or 2-methoxycarbonylethyl.

Substituted phenyl R⁴ can be, for example, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-tolyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl, 4-dodecylphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl or 3-methoxycarbonylphenyl.

If R⁴ together with R² is alkylene or phenylalkylene, these preferably give, together with the C atom and the N atom to which they are bonded, a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring.

If R³ and R⁴ together are alkylene or interrupted alkylene, these preferably give, together with the N atom to which they are bonded, a 5-or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, for example a pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, piperidone or piperazine ring, which can be substituted by one or more alkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy or ester groups.

C₂ -C₈ alkanoyl R¹⁰, R¹⁷ and R¹⁸ can be, for example, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, hexanoyl or octanoyl, but in particular acetyl.

C₁ -C₄ Hydroxyalkyl or C₂ -C₄ hydroxyalkyl R¹¹, R¹⁷, R²⁰ and R²¹ can be, for example, hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl or 4-hydroxybutyl.

Alkylene or interrupted alkylene R¹² can be, for example, ethylene, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, octa- or dodecamethylene, 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene, 1,3,3-trimethyltetramethylene, 3-oxa-pentamethylene, 3-oxa-heptamethylene, 4,7-dioxa-decamethylene, 4,9-dioxadodecamethylene, 3,6,9,12-tetraoxa-tetradecamethylene, 4-aza-heptamethylene, 4,7-di-(methylaza)-decamethylene or 4-thia-heptamethylene.

If R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ together are C₃ -C₇ alkylene, they are, in particular, 1,3- or 1,4-alkylene, for example, 1,3-propylene, 1,3-butylene, 2,4-pentylene, 1,3-hexylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,4-pentylene or 2,4-hexylene.

Substituted phenyl R¹⁸, R¹⁹, R²⁰ and R²¹ can be, for example, 4-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-tolyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl, 4-nonylphenyl, 4-dodecylphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl or 4-ethoxyphenyl.

An --Si(C₁ -C₈ alkyl)_(r) (phenyl)_(3-r) group R¹⁸ can be, in particular, --Si(CH₃)₃, --Si(phenyl)₂ CH₃, --Si(CH₃)₂ phenyl, --Si(CH₃)₂ -- [C(CH₃)₂ CH(CH₃)₂ ] or --Si(phenyl)₃.

Substituted C₁ -C₆ alkyl R¹⁸ can be, for example, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-methoxyethyl or 2-allyloxyethyl.

Substituted C₁ -C₆ alkyl R¹⁹ can be, for example, 2-mercaptoethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 2-methoxyethyl, --CH₂ CH₂ OCH₂ CH₂ CN or --CH₂ CH₂ OCH₂ CH₂ COOCH₃.

Alkoxyalkyl R²⁰ and R²¹ can be, for example, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, 2-ethoxypropyl, 2-butoxyethyl, 3-methoxypropyl or 2-hexyloxyethyl.

C₂ -C₃ Alkanoyl R²⁰ and R²¹ are, in particular, acetyl.

Substituted phenyl or naphthyl R²² can be, for example, 4-tolyl, 4-bromophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-butylphenyl, 4-octylphenyl, 4-decylphenyl, 4-dodecylphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 4-butoxyphenyl, 4-octyloxyphenyl, chloronaphthyl, nonylnaphthyl or dodecylnaphthyl.

If R²⁰ and R²¹ together are alkylene or interrupted alkylene, this forms, together with the N atom to which it is bonded, a heterocyclic ring, preferably a 5- or 6-membered ring, which can be substituted by alkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy or ester groups. Examples of such rings are a pyrrolidine, piperidine, 4-hydroxypiperidine, 3-ethoxycarbonylpiperidine, morpholine, 2,6-dimethyl-morpholine, piperazine or 4-methylpiperazine ring.

All these compounds have at least one basic amino group and can therefore be converted into the corresponding salts by addition of acids. The acids can be inorganic or organic acids. Examples of such acids are HCl, HBr, H₂ SO₄, H₃ PO₄, mono- or polycarboxylic acids, for example, acetic acid, oleic acid, succinic acid, sebacic acid, tartaric acid or CF₃ COOH, and sulfonic acids, for example, CH₃ SO₃ H, C₁₂ H₂₅ SO₃ H, p-C₁₂ H₂₅ --C₆ H₄ --SO₃ H, p-CH₃ --C₆ H₄ --SO₃ H or CF₃ SO₃ H.

Preferred compounds of the formula I are those in which Ar¹ is a group of the formula IV, R⁵ and R⁶ are hydrogen, halogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl or a group --OR¹⁸, --SR¹⁹, --SOR¹⁹, --SO₂ --R¹⁹, --N(R²⁰)(R²¹), --NHSO₂ R²² or ##STR11## in which Z is --O--, --S--, --N(R¹¹)-- or --N(R¹¹)--R¹² --N(R¹¹)--, R⁷ and R⁸ are hydrogen or halogen, R⁹ is hydrogen, halogen or C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl and R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R¹¹, R¹², R¹⁸, R¹⁹, R²⁰, R²¹ and R²² are as defined above, and in the case where R¹ is allyl and R² is methyl, R⁵ is not --OCH₃, and in the case where R¹ is benzyl and R² is methyl or benzyl, R⁵ is not --OCH₃, --SCH₃ or --SOCH₃.

Of the compounds of the formula I in which Ar¹ is a group of the formula IV, in which R⁵ is a group --OR¹⁸, --SR¹⁹, --N(R²⁰)(R²¹) or ##STR12## preferred compounds are those in which R⁶ is hydrogen, halogen or C₁ -C₄ -alkyl or has one of the meanings given for R⁵, R⁷ and R⁸ are hydrogen or halogen, R⁹ is hydrogen or C₁ -C₄ alkyl, Z is --O--, --S-- or --N(R¹¹)--, R¹ is either (a) a radical of the formula ##STR13## or (b) a radical of the formula --CH(R¹³)--Ar², in which Ar² is a phenyl radical which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C₁ -C₄ alkyl methylthio, methoxy or benzoyl, R² has one of the meanings given for R¹ or is C₁ -C₆ alkyl, R³ and R⁴ independently of one another are C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, C₂ -C₄ alkyl which is substituted by C₁ -C₄ alkoxy, --CN or --COO(C₁ -C₄ alkyl), allyl, cyclohexyl or benzyl, or R³ and R⁴ together are C₄ -C₆ alkylene, which can be interrupted by --O-- or --N(R¹⁷)--, R¹¹ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₄ alkyl, allyl, benzyl or C₂ -C₄ alkanoyl, R¹² is C₂ -C₆ -alkylene, R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ independently of one another are hydrogen or methyl, R¹⁷ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₄ alkyl, benzyl, 2-hydroxyethyl or acetyl, R¹⁸ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₄ alkyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-allyloxyethyl, allyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, benzyl or --Si(CH₃)₃, R¹⁹ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, phenyl, p-tolyl or benzyl, and R²⁰ and R²¹ independently of one another are hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, C₂ -C₆ alkoxyalkyl, acetyl, allyl or benzyl, or R²⁰ and R²¹ together are C₄ -C₆ alkylene, which can be interrupted by --O-- or --N(R¹⁷)--, and, in the case where R¹ is allyl, R⁵ is not --OCH₃, and in the case where R¹ is benzyl and R² is methyl or benzyl, R⁵ is not --OCH₃ or --SCH₃.

Particularly preferred compounds of the formula I are those in which Ar¹ is a group of the formula IV in which R⁵ is a group --OR¹⁸, --SR¹⁹ or --N(R²⁰)(R²¹), R⁶ is hydrogen, chlorine or C₁ -C₄ alkyl or has one of the meanings given for R⁵, R⁷ and R⁸ are hydrogen or chlorine, R⁹ is hydrogen or C₁ -C₄ alkyl, R¹ is either (a) a radical of the formula --CH₂ --C(R¹⁴)═CH(R¹⁵) or (b) a radical of the formula --CH₂ --Ar², in which Ar² is a phenyl radical which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C₁ -C₄ alkyl, CH₃ S--, CH₃ O-- or benzyl, R² has one of the meanings given for R¹ or is C₁ -C₄ alkyl, R³ and R⁴ independently of one another are C₁ -C₆ alkyl, 2-methoxyethyl, allyl or benzyl, or R³ and R⁴ together are tetramethylene, pentamethylene or 3-oxapentamethylene, R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are hydrogen or methyl, R¹⁸ is C₁ -C₄ alkyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-methoxyethyl or phenyl, R¹⁹ is C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, phenyl or p-tolyl and R²⁰ and R²¹ are hydrogen, C₁ -C₄ alkyl, 2-methoxyethyl, acetyl or allyl, or R²⁰ and R²¹ together are C₄ -C₅ -alkylene, which can be interrupted by --O-- or --N(CH₃)--, and in the case where R¹ is allyl, R⁵ is not --OCH₃, and in the case where R¹ is benzyl and R² is methyl or benzyl, R⁵ is not --OCH₃ or --SCH₃.

Of these compounds, preferred compounds are those in which R⁵ is a group --SR¹⁹, R¹ is a radical of the formula ##STR14## and either R⁷ and R⁸ are hydrogen or R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ and R⁹ are hydrogen, and those in which R¹ is allyl.

Of the compounds of the formula I in which Ar¹ is a group of the formula IV in which R⁵ is a group --N(R²⁰)(R²¹), compounds which are preferred are those in which R⁷ and R⁸ are hydrogen, and those in which R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ and R⁹ are hydrogen, and those in which R¹ is allyl or benzyl.

Preferred compounds of the formula I are moreover those in which Ar¹ is a group of the formula IV in which R⁵ is hydrogen, halogen or C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl and R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ and R⁹ are hydrogen, R¹ is allyl or benzyl, R² is C₁ -C₆ alkyl, allyl or benzyl, R³ and R⁴ independently of one another are C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, C₂ -C₄ alkyl which is substituted by C₁ -C₄ -alkoxy, --CN or --COO(C₁ -C₄ alkyl), allyl, cyclohexyl or benzyl, or R³ and R⁴ together are C₄ -C₆ alkylene, which can be interrupted by --O-- or --N(R¹⁷)-- and R¹⁷ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₄ alkyl or 2-hydroxyethyl.

Examples of individual compounds of the formula I are:

1. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-ethyl-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-4-penten-1-one

2. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-4-penten-1-one

3. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-propan-1-one

4. 4-morpholino-4-(4-morpholinobenzyl)-hepta-1,6-diene

5. 2-ethyl-2-morpholino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-4-penten-1-one

6. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(dimethylamino)-phenyl]-butan-1-one

7. 4-dimethylamino-4-(4-dimethylaminobenzoyl)-hepta-1,6-diene

8. 4-(dimethylamino)-4-(4-morpholinobenzoyl)-hepta-1,6-diene

9. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-2-ethyl-4-penten-1-one

10. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

11. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(dimethylamino)-phenyl]-4-penten-1-one

12. 2-benzyl-1-[4-(dimethylamino)-phenyl]-2-(dimethylamino)-3-phenylpropan-1-one

13. 2-ethyl-1-[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

14. 4-[4-(methylthio)-benzoyl]-4-morpholino-hepta-1,6-diene

15. 4-(dimethylamino)-4-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-hepta-1,6-diene

16. 4-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-4-morpholino-hepta-1,6-diene

17. 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-morpholino-2-phenyl-4-penten-1-one

18. 2-ethyl-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

19. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-butan-1-one

20. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-ethyl-1-[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-4-penten-1-one

21. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-4-penten-1-one

22. 4-(dimethylamino)-4-[4-(methylthio)-benzoyl]-1,6-heptadiene

23. 2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-propan-1-one

24. 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-propan-1-one

25. 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-propan-1-one

26. 3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-propan-1-one

27. 2-ethyl-4-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

28. 2-ethyl-1-[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-2-morpholino-4-hexen-1-one

29. 2-benzyl-1-[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

30. 2-allyl-1-[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-2-morpholino-hexan-1-one

31. 2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-2-methyl-3-(4-methylphenyl)-propan-1-one

32. 2-(dimethylamino)-1,3-bis-[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-2-methyl-propan-1-one

33. 2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-2-methyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-propan-1-one

34. 1-[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-2-methyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

35. 2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-2-methyl-4-penten-1-one

36. 1-[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-2-morpholino-2-phenyl-4-penten-1-one

37. 2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-2-phenyl-4-penten-1-one

38. 2-(dimethylamino)-1-[3-(methylthio)-phenyl]-2,3-diphenyl-propan-1-one

39. 2-methyl-2-morpholino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-4-penten-1-one

40. 2-benzyl-2-morpholino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-4-penten-1-one

41. 2-ethyl-2-morpholino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-4-penten-1-one

42. 1-[4-(dimethylamino)-phenyl]-2-methyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

43. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-3-phenyl-propan-1-one

44. 4-[4 -(dimethylamino)-benzoyl]-4-morpholino-hepta-1,6-diene

45. 2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(dimethylamino)-phenyl]-2-methyl-4-penten-1-one

46. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-4-penten-1-one

47. 1-[4-(dimethylamino)-phenyl]-2-ethyl-4-methyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

48. 1-[4-(dimethylamino)-phenyl]-2-ethyl-2-morpholino-4-hexen-1-one

49. 2-ethyl-2-morpholino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-4-hexen-1-one

50. 2-ethyl-4-methyl-2-morpholino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-4-penten-1-one

51. 1-[4-(bis-(2-methoxyethyl)amino)-phenyl]-2-methyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

52. 1-[4-(dibutylamino)phenyl]-2-methyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

53. 2-methyl-1-[4-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

54. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-butan-1-one

55. 1-[4-(diethylamino)-phenyl]-2-methyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

56. 2-methyl-2-morpholino-1-[4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl]-4-penten-1-one

57. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-piperidinophenyl)-butan-1-one,

58. 2-ethyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-piperidinophenyl)-4-penten-1-one

59. 2-benzyl-1-[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]-2-ethyl-butan-1-one

60. 1-[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]-2-ethyl-4-penten-1-one

61. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethylthio)-phenyl]-butan-1-one

62. 2-ethyl-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethylthio)-phenyl]-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

63. 1-[4-(diallylamino)-phenyl]-2-methyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

64. 3-(4-benzoylphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-propan-1-one

65. 2-(dimethylamino)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one

66. 2-(dimethylamino)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-propan-1-one

67. 3-(4-benzoylphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one

68. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-butan-1-one

69. 4-(dimethylamino)-4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-hepta-1,6-diene

70. 2-ethyl-2-morpholino-1-[4-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)phenyl]-4-penten-1-one

71. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-ethyl-1-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-4-penten-1-one

72. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(methylphenylsulfonyl)phenyl]-butan-1-one

73. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-butan-1-one

74. 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

75. 4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-4-morpholino-hepta-1,6-diene

76. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-penten-1-one

77. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-propan-1-one

78. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-ethyl-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-penten-1-one

79. 2-benzyl-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

80. 2-ethyl-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

81. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-propan-1-one

82. 2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-4-penten-1-one

83. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-butan-1-one

84. 2-benzyl-1-[4-(ethoxycarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl]-2-(dimethylamino)-butan-1-one

85. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethyloxy)phenyl]-butan-1-one

86. 2-benzyl-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-butan-1-one

87. 2-benzyl-1-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-butan-1-one

88. 1-(4-bromophenyl)-2-ethyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

89. 2-ethyl-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-morpholino-3-penten-1-one

90. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-ethyl-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-penten-1-one

91. 2-benzyl-1-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

92. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-propan-1-one

93. 2-methyl-2-morpholino-1-phenyl-4-penten-1-one

94. 2-benzyl-2-morpholino-1-phenyl-4-penten-1-one

95. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenyl-4-penten-1-one

96. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-phenyl-propan-1-one

97. 4-benzoyl-4-(dimethylamino)-hepta-1,6-diene

98. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1,3-diphenyl-propan-1-one

99. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-phenyl-4-penten-1-one

100. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-ethyl-1-phenyl-4-penten-1-one

101. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-phenyl-butan-1-one

102. 1,2-diphenyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

103. 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one

104. 3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one

105. 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one

106. 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one

107. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-3-(4-methylphenyl)-1-phenyl-propan-1-one

108. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-3-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-1-phenyl-propan-1-one

109. 2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one

110. 2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one

111. 2-ethyl-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

112. 2-ethyl-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

113. 2-(benzylmethylamino)-2-ethyl-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-4-penten-1-one

114. 2-(allylmethylamino)-2-ethyl-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-4-penten-1-one

115. 2-benzyl-2-(benzylmethylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-4-butan-1-one

116. 2-benzyl-2-(butylmethylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-4-butan-1-one

117. 2-(butylmethylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-4-penten-1-one

118. 1-(4-acetylaminophenyl)-2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-butan-1-one

119. 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-pentan-1-one

120. 2-allyl-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-pentan-1-one

121. 2-morpholino-1-[4-(2-methoxyethyloxy)phenyl]-2-methyl-4-penten-one

122. 4-morpholino-4-[4-(2-hydroxyethylthio)benzoyl]-5-methyl-1-hexene

123. 1-(4-bromophenyl)-2-morpholino-2-methyl-4-penten-1-one

124. 4-(4-bromobenzoyl)-4-morpholino-5-methyl-1-hexene

125. 1-(4-[2-hydroxyethylthio]phenyl)-2-methyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

126. 1-(4-[2-(allyloxy)-ethoxy]phenyl)-2-ethyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

127. 1-(4-[2-(allyloxy)-ethoxy]phenyl)-2-methyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

128. 1-(4-[2-(methoxy)-ethoxy]phenyl)-2-ethyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

129. 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1-[4-(2-methoxyethylamino)phenyl]-butan-1-one

130. 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-methylaminophenyl)-butan-1-one

131. 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1-[4-(N-acetylmethylamino)phenyl]-butan-1-one

132. 2-benzyl-2-diethylamino-1-(4-morpholino-phenyl)-butan-1-one

133. 2-diethylamino-2-ethyl-1-(4-morpholino-phenyl)-4-penten-1-one

140. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-phenyl)-butan-1-one

141. 2-benzyl-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-butan-1-one

142. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-ethyl-1-(3.4-dichlorophenyl)-4-penten-1-one

143. 2-benzyl-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-butan-1-one

144. 1-(3-chloro-4-morpholino-phenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-butan-1-one

145. 2-benzyl-1-(3-chloro-4-morpholino-phenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-butan-1-one

146. 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-dimethylamino-3-ethyl-phenyl)-butan-1-one

147. 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-dimethylamino-2-methyl-phenyl)-butan-1-one

148. 9-butyl-3,6-di(2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-butyryl)carbazole

149. 9-butyl-3,6-di(2-methyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-on-1-yl)carbazole

150. 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one-trifluoracetate

151. 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one-p-toluenesulfonate

152. 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one-camphorsulfonate

153. 4-(dimethylamino)-4-[4-(phenyloxy)-benzoyl]-hepta-1,6-diene

154. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-isopropyloxyphenyl)-4-penten-1-one

155. 1-(4-butyloxyphenyl)-2-ethyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

156. 1-(4-allyloxyphenyl)-2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-butan-1-one

157. 2 -methyl-2-morpholino-1-[4-(trimethylsilyloxy)-phenyl]-4-penten-1-one

158. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-((1,1,2-trimethylpropyldimethyl)-silyloxy)-phenyl]-butan-2-one

159. 2-ethyl-1-[4-(ethylthio)-phenyl]-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

160. 2-benzyl-1-[4-(butylthio)-phenyl]-2-(dimethylamino)-3-phenyl-propan-1-one

161. 1-[4-(isopropylthio)-phenyl]-2-methyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

162. 1-[4-(allylthio)-phenyl]-2-ethyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

163. 1-[4-(benzylthio)-phenyl]-2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-propan-1-one

164. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-mercaptophenyl)-butan-1-one

165. 2-benzyl-1-[4-(cyclohexylthio)-phenyl]-2-(dimethylamino)-3-phenyl-propan-1-one

166. 2-ethyl-1-[4-(4-methylphenylthio)-phenyl]-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

167. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(octylthio)-phenyl]-butan-1-one

168. 2-benzyl-1-[4-(chlorophenylthio)-phenyl]-2-(dimethylamino)-4-penten-1-one

169. 2-methyl-1-[4-(2-methoxycarbonylethylthio)-phenyl]-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

170. 1-[4-(butylsulfinyl)-phenyl]-2-(dimethylamino)-2-ethyl-4-penten-1-one

171. 1-[4-(benzenesulfonyl)-phenyl]-2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-butan-1-one

172. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(methylsulfinyl)-phenyl]-butan-1-one

173. 2-ethyl-1-[4-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)-phenyl]-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

174. 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-ethyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

175. 2-benzyl-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-butan-1-one

176. 4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)-4-(dimethylamino)-hepta-1,6-diene

177. 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-butan-1-one

178. 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-methyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

179. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-butan-1-one

180. 1-(dibenzofuran-3-yl)-2-ethyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

181. 1-(4-benzoylphenyl)-2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-propan-1-one

182. 2-[2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-butanoyl]-fluorenone

183. 2-(2-methyl-2-morpholino-4-pentenoyl)-xanthone

184. 2-[2-allyl-2-(dimethylamino)-4-pentenoyl]-acridanone

185. 2-[2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-butanoyl]-dibenzosuberone

186. 1-(N-butylcarbazol-3-yl)-2-ethyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

187. 2-benzyl-1-(N-butylcarbazol-3-yl)-2-(dimethylamino)-butan-1-one

188. 2-allyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(N-methylphenothiazin-2-yl)-4-penten-1-one

189. 2-benzyl-1-(N-butyl-phenoxazin-2-yl)-2-morpholino-propan-1-one

190. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(xanthen-2-yl)-butan-1-one

191. 1-(chroman-6-yl)-2-ethyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

192. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(N-methylindolin-5-yl)-propan-1-one

193. 1-(N-butylindolin-5-yl)-2-ethyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

194. 1-(5,10-dibutyl-5,10-dihydrophenazin-6-yl)-2-(dimethylamino)-4-penten-1-one

195. 2-benzyl-1-(1,4-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalin-6-yl)-2-(dimethylamino)-butan-1-one

196. 1-(1,4-dibutyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalin-6-yl)-2-ethyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

197. 2-benzyl-1-(2,3-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-benzothiazol-5-yl)-2-(dimethylamino)-butan-1-one

198. 1-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-2-methyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

199. 2-benzyl-1-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-2-(dimethylamino)-butan-2-one

200. 1-(4-aminophenyl)-2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-butan-2-one

201. 1-[4-(butylamino)phenyl]-2-methyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

202. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(isopropylamino)phenyl]-butan-1-one

203. 2-ethyl-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-piperdino-4-penten-1-one

204. 2-methyl-2-(N-methylpiperazino)-1-[4-(N-methylpiperazino)phenyl]-4-penten-1-one

205. 2-benzyl-2-[di(2-methoxyethyl)-amino]-1-[4-(thiomethyl)phenyl]-butan-1-one

206. 2-(dibutylamino)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-4-penten-1-one

207. 1-[4-(dimethylamino)-phenyl]-2-ethyl-2-(methylphenylamino)-4-penten-1-one

208. 2-methyl-1-(methoxyphenyl)-2-oxazolidino-4-penten-1-one

209. 2-ethyl-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-2-piperidino-4-penten-1-one

210. 2-methyl-2-piperidino-1-(4-piperidinophenyl)-4-penten-1-one

211. 2-ethyl-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-piperidino-4-penten-1-one

212. 2-benzyl-2-(dibutylamino)-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-butan-1-one

213. 2-(dibutylamino)-2-methyl-1-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-4-penten-1-one

214. 2-benzyl-2-(dibutylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

215. 2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(dimethylamino)-phenyl]-2-[(1-cyclohexenyl)-methyl]-butan-1-one

216. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-(2-cyclopentenyl)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-propan-1-one

217. 2-ethyl-2-(4-morpholinobenzoyl)-N-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine

218. 2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(dimethylamino)-phenyl]-2,4,5-trimethyl-4-hexen-1-one

219. 2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(dimethylamino)-phenyl]-2-(2-pinen-10-yl)butan-1-one

220. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]-butan-1-one

221. 2-ethyl-2-(2.6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-1-[4-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]-4-penten-1-one

222. 1-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-2-ethyl-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-4-penten-1-one

223. 1-[4-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]-2-methyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

224. 2-ethyl-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

225. 1-[4-(2-methoxyethyloxy)phenyl]-2-methyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

226. 1-[4-(2-hydroxyethylthio)phenyl]-2-morpholino-2-propyl-4-penten-1-one

227. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(2-methoxyethylthio)phenyl]-butan-1-one

228. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-isopropyl-1-(4-morpholino-phenyl)-4-penten-1-one

229. 2-benzyl-1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-butan-1-one

230. 1-(3,5-dichloro-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

231. 2-(diallylamino)-2-ethyl-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-4-penten-1-one

232. 1-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-2-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-penten-1-one

233. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-methylphenyl)butan-1-one

234. 1-(4-dodecylphenyl)-2-ethyl-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

235. 2-methyl-1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-morpholino-4-penten-1-one

236. Dodecylbenzenesulfonate of 2-ethyl-2-morpholino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-4-penten-1-one

237. Dodecylbenzenesulfonate of 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

238. 2-dimethylamino-2-(4-dodecylbenzyl)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

239. 2-(4-ethylbenzyl)-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

240. 2-dimethylamino-2-(4-isopropylbenzyl)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

241. 2-dimethylamino-1-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)-butan-1-one

242. 2-dimethylamino-2-(4-hydroxymethylbenzyl)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

243. 2-(4-[acetoxyethyl]benzyl)-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

244. 2-dimethylamino-2-(4-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethyloxy]benzyl)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

245. 2-dimethylamino-2-(4-[2-(2-[2-methoxyethoxy]-ethoxycarbonyl)-ethyl]benzyl)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

246. 2-(4-[2-bromoethyl]benzyl)-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

247. 2-(4-[2-diethylaminoethyl]benzyl)-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

248. 2-dimethylamino-1-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-2-(4-dodecylbenzyl)-butan-1-one

249. 2-dimethylamino-1-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-2-(4-isopropylbenzyl)-butan-1-one

250. 2-dimethylamino-2-(3,4-dimethylbenzyl)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

251. 2-dimethylamino-2-[4-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxycarbonyl)benzyl]-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

264. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

265. 2-(4-butylbenzyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

266. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-(4-isobutylbenzyl)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

267. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-[3-methoxypropylamino]phenyl)-butan-1-one

268. 1-(4-[N-acetyl-3-methoxypropylamino]phenyl)-2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-butan-1-one

269. 2-benzyl-2-(di[2-methoxyethyl]amino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

270. 2-ethyl-2-(di[2-methoxyethyl]amino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-4-penten-1-one

271. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-hexan-1-one

272. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-heptan-1-one

273. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-octan-1-one

274. 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-4,5,5-trimethyl-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-hexan-1-one

275. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

276. 2-(4-butoxybenzyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

277. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-(4-[2-hydroxyethoxy]-benzyl)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

278. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-(4-[2-methoxyethoxy]-benzyl)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

279. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-(4-isopropylbenzyl)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

280. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-(4-dodecylbenzyl)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-octan-1-one

281. 2-(dimethylamino)-2-(2-isopropylbenzyl)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-pentan-1-one

282. 2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl-2-(4-[2-methoxy]-benzyl)-heptan-1-one

283. 2-(butylmethylamino)-2-(4-isopropylbenzyl)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

284. 2-(4-isobutylbenzyl)-2-(butylmethylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-pentan-1-one

285. 2-(4-methylbenzyl)-2-(dioctylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-hexan-1-one

286. 2-(4-butoxybenzyl)-2-(butylmethylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-pentan-1-one and

287. 2-(4-butylbenzyl)-2-(butylmethylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-hexan-1-one.

Examples of individual compounds of the formula II are:

252. N,N'-bis[1-ethyl-1-(4-morpholinobenzoyl)-3-butenyl]-piperazine

253. N.N'-bis[1-allyl-1-(4-(dimethylamino)-benzoyl)-3-butenyl]-piperazine

254. N,N-bis[1-benzyl-1-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-propanyl]-methylamine

255. N,N'-bis[1-ethyl-1-(4-(methylthio)-benzoyl)-butenyl]-hexamethylenediamine.

256. N.N'-bis[1-benzyl-1-(4-morpholinobenzoyl)-propan-1-yl]-N,N'-dimethyl-3,6,9,12-tetraoxa-tetradecamethylenediamine

Examples of individual compounds of the formula III are:

257. 1,10-bis[4-dimethylamino)-phenyl]-2,9-diallyl-2,9-dimorpholinodecane-1,10-dione

258. 1,6-bis[4-(methylthio)-phenyl]-2,4-bis(dimethylamino)-2,4-dibenzylhexane-1,6-dione

259. 1,4-bis[2-(dimethylamino)-2-(4-morpholinobenzoyl)-4-pentenyl]-benzene

260. 1,4-bis[2-(dimethylamino)-2-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-3-phenylpropanyl]-benzene.

261. 1,4-bis[2-(dimethylamino)-2-(4-morpholinobenzoyl)-butyl]benzene

262. 3,8-bis(dimethylamino)-3,8-bis(4-morpholinobenzoyl)-dec-5-ene

263. 3,8-bis(dimethylamino)-5,6-dimethylidene-3,8-bis(4-morpholinobenzoyl)-decane

In most of these compounds, R¹ --or R¹ and R² --is a substituent of the allyl or benzyl type. The synthesis of such compounds usually includes C-allylation or C-benzylation. The amino group --NR³ R⁴ is preferably introduced before the allylation/benzylation. The synthesis is then carried out in the following sequence of reaction steps: ##STR15##

The starting ketones are known compounds which can be prepared, for example, by a Friedel-Crafts reaction. Reaction steps 1 and 2 are known reactions which are described in more detail, for example, in EP-A-3,002. The two reactions can be carried out one after the other without isolating the bromoketone.

Reaction 3 is described in detail below. In the case of C-allylation, it can proceed via the enol allyl ether as an intermediate in the sense of Claisen rearrangement. In the case of C-benzylation or C-allylation, this can proceed via a quaternary benzylammonium salt or allylammonium salt as an intermediate in the sense of a Stevens rearrangement. In both cases, however, the intermediate is not isolated. If both R¹ and R² are allyl or benzyl groups, the above reaction sequence is started with an aryl methyl ketone Ar¹ --CO--CH₃ and reaction 3 is carried out twice, using R¹ Hal once and R² Hal once.

If the aromatic radical Ar¹ carries substituents which are not inert towards reactions 1, 2 or 3, the synthesis is carried out with an auxiliary substituent which is converted into the desired substituent in a subsequent step 4. For example, the syntheses can be carried out with a nitroaryl compound and this can then be reduced to the corresponding amino compound. Alternatively, the synthesis is started with a halogenoaryl compound and the halogen is then replaced by --OR¹⁸, --SR¹⁹ or --NR²⁰ R²¹ in a nucleophilic replacement reaction. A group --SR¹⁹ can then be oxidized to --SO--R¹⁹ or --SO₂ --R¹⁹.

For synthesis of compounds of the formula II, a primary amine R¹¹ NH₂ or a secondary diamine R¹¹ --NH--R¹² --NH--R¹¹ or piperazine is used in reaction stage 2 and reaction 3) and if appropriate 4) are subsequently carried out.

For synthesis of compounds of the formula III, a bis-aryl ketone of the formula

    Ar.sup.1 --CO--CH.sub.2 --Y--CH.sub.2 --CO--Ar.sup.1

is used as the starting substance and is subjected to reactions 1, 2 and 3.

If R¹ is a substituent of the vinyl type, such compounds can be prepared from the corresponding allyl compounds by a catalyzed double bond isomerization. If R¹ is a substituent of the formula ##STR16## this is introduced in the same way as an allyl radical using a halogen compound of the formula ##STR17##

Another possibility for the synthesis of compounds of the formula I is reaction of an α-aminonitrile with an aryl-lithium compound and subsequent hydrolysis: ##STR18##

Such reactions have been described, for example, by Cromwell and Hess in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 83, 1237 (1961). The α-aminonitriles are accessible directly by Strecker synthesis from R¹ --CO--R², or can be prepared by allylation or benzylation of an α-aminonitrile NC--CHR² --NR³ R⁴. The allylation of α-aminonitriles is described, for example, by T. S. Stevens in J. Chem. Soc. 1930, 2119.

Compounds of the formula I in which R¹ and R² together with the C atom to which they are bonded form a cycloalkene ring can be prepared analogously by reaction of aryl-lithium compounds with the corresponding cyclic nitriles. The cyclic nitriles can be obtained by cyclo-addition of α-aminoacrylonitriles onto 1,3-dienes, such as has been described, for example, by Brucher and Stella in Tetrahedron 41, 875 (1985): ##STR19##

Finally, there is also the possibility of reacting the α-bromoketones with a tertiary allyl- or benzylamine and subjecting the quaternary salt formed to a Stevens rearrangement: ##STR20##

According to the invention, the compounds of the formula I, II and III can be used as photoinitiators for photopolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds or mixtures containing such compounds. The unsaturated compounds can contain one or more olefinic double bonds. They can be of low molecular weight (monomeric) or of higher molecular weight (oligomeric). Examples of monomers with a double bond are alkyl acrylates or methacrylates or hydroxyalkyl acrylates or methacrylates, for example methyl, ethyl, butyl, 2-ethylhexyl or 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate and methyl or ethyl methacrylate. Further examples of these are acrylonitrile, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-substituted (meth)acrylamides, vinyl esters, such as vinyl acetate, vinyl ethers, such as isobutyl vinyl ether, styrene, alkyl- and halogenostyrenes, N-vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride.

Examples of monomers with several double bonds are the diacrylates of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, neopentylglycol, hexamethylene glycol or bisphenol A, 4,4'-bis(2-acryloyloxyethoxy)diphenylpropane, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate or tetra-acrylate, vinyl acrylate, divinylbenzene, divinyl succinate, diallyl phthalate, triallyl phosphate, triallyl isocyanurate and tris-(2-acryloyloxyethyl)isocyanurate.

Examples of higher molecular weight (oligomeric) polyunsaturated compounds are acrylated epoxy resins, acrylated polyethers, acrylated polyurethanes and acrylated polyesters. Further examples of unsaturated oligomers are unsaturated polyester resins, which are usually prepared from maleic acid, phthalic acid and one or more diols and have molecular weights of about 500 to 3000. Such unsaturated oligomers can also be called prepolymers.

Two-component mixtures of a prepolymer with a polyunsaturated monomer or three-component mixtures which additionally also contain a mono-unsaturated monomer are frequently used. The prepolymer here is primarily decisive for the properties of the lacquer film, and by varying It the expert can influence the properties of the cured film. The polyunsaturated monomer functions as crosslinking agents which render the lacquer film insoluble. The monounsaturated monomer functions as reactive diluents, with the aid of which the viscosity is reduced without having to use a solvent.

Such two- and three-component systems based on a prepolymer are used both for printing inks and for lacquers, photoresists or other photocurable compositions. One-component systems based on photocurable prepolymers are frequently also used as binders for printing inks.

Unsaturated polyester resins are usually used in two-component systems together with a monounsaturated monomer, preferably with styrene. Specific one-component systems, for example polymaleimides, polychalcones or polyimides, such as are described in DE-OS 2,308,830, are often used for photoresists.

The unsaturated compounds can also be used as a mixture with non-photo-polymerizable film-forming components. These can be, for example, polymers which dry by physical means and solutions thereof in organic solvents, for example nitrocellulose or cellulose acetobutyrate. They can also be, however, resins which can be cured chemically or thermosetting resins, for example polyisocyanates, polyepoxides or melamine resins. The joint use of thermosetting resins is of importance for use in so-called hybrid systems which are photopolymerized in a first stage and crosslinked by thermal after-treatment in a second stage.

The photopolymerizable mixtures can contain various additives in addition to the photoinitiator. Examples of these are thermal inhibitors for the purpose of preventing premature polymerization, for example hydroquinone or sterically hindered phenols. Copper compounds, phosphorus compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds or hydroxylamine derivatives, for example, can be used to increase the storage stability in the dark. Paraffin or similar waxy substances which migrate to the surface at the start of polymerization can be added for the purpose of excluding atmospheric oxygen during the polymerization. UV absorbers, for example those of the benzotriazole, benzophenone or oxalanilide type, can be added in a small amount as light stabilizers. The addition of light stabilizers which do not absorb UV light, for example sterically hindered amines (HALS), is even better.

In certain cases, it may be advantageous to use mixtures of two or more of the photoinitiators according to the invention. Mixtures with known photoinitiators can, of course, also be used, for example mixtures with benzophenone, acetophenone derivatives, benzoin ethers or benzil ketals.

Amines, for example triethanolamine, N-methyl-diethanolamine, ethyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate or Michler's ketone, can be added to accelerate the photopolymerization. The effect of the amines can be intensified by addition of aromatic ketones of the benzophenone type.

Acceleration of the photopolymerization can furthermore be effected by addition of photosensitizers which shift or extend the spectral sensitivity. These are, in particular, aromatic carbonyl compounds, for example derivatives of benzophenone, thioxanthone, anthraquinone and 3-acylcoumarin, and 3-(aroylmethylene)-thiazolines.

The effectiveness of the photoinitiators according to the invention can be increased by addition of titanocene derivatives with fluoro-organic radicals, such as are described in EP-A-122,223 and 186,626, for example in an amount of 1-20%. Examples of such titanocenes are bis(methylcyclopentadienyl)-bis(2,3,6-trifluorophenyl)-titanium, bis-(cyclopentadienyl)-bis-(4-dibutylamino-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-titanium, bis(methylcyclopentadienyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyltitanium isocyanate, bis(cyclopentadienyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyltitanium trifluoroacetate and bis-(methylcyclopentadienyl)-bis(4-decyloxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-titanium. Liquid α-aminoketones are especially suitable for these mixtures.

The photocurable compositions according to the invention can be used for various purposes. Their use in pigmented or coloured systems, for example for printing inks, for photographic reproduction processes, for image recording processes and for producing relief forms, is of particular importance.

Another important field of use are paints, which can be pigmented or non-pigmented. The mixtures are particularly useful in white lacquers, by which is understood paints pigmented with TiO₂. Other fields of use are radiation-curing of photoresists, photocrosslinking of silver-free films and production of printing plates. Another use is for external paint films which subsequently harden on their surface in daylight.

The photoinitiators are advantageously used in amounts of 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably about 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the photopolymerizable composition, for the fields of use listed.

The polymerization is carried out by the known methods of photopolymerization by irradiation with light rich in short-wavelength radiation. Suitable light sources are, for example, medium-pressure, high-pressure and low-pressure mercury lamps, superactinic tubular lamps and metal halide lamps or lasers with emission maxima in the range between 250 and 450 nm. In the case of combination with photosensitizers or ferrocene derivatives, light of longer wavelengths or laser beams up to 600 nm can also be used.

The preparation and use of the photoinitiators according to the invention are described in more detail in the following examples. In these, parts are parts by weight, percentages are percentages by weight and the temperature is given in degrees Celsius.

EXAMPLE 1: PREPARATION OF AN α-BENZYL KETONE A) 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-dimethylamino-butan-1-one ##STR21##

240 g (0.98 mol) of 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-bromobutan-1-one (prepared by bromination of 4-fluorobutyrophenone by the method described in EP-A-3,002) are dissolved in 250 ml of diethyl ether. This solution is slowly added dropwise to a mixture of 265 g (5.87 mol) of dimethylamine in 1250 ml of diethyl ether at 0°. After the mixture has been stirred at 0° for 12 hours, the excess dimethylamine is removed at room temperature by blowing through N₂ and the suspension is poured onto water. The ether phase is washed with water and dried over MgSO₄. After filtration and evaporation of the solution, 202.8 g of crude product remain as a colourless oil, which is used without further purification for the subsequent reaction.

The NMR spectrum (CDCl₃) of the crude product agrees with the structure given: 7.8-8.23 (m, 2H); 6.8-7.3 (m, 2H); 3.75 (d×d, 1H); 2.3 (s, 6H); 1.46-2.3 (m, 2H); 0.83 (t, 3H).

B) 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-butan-1-one ##STR22##

100 g (0.48 mol) of 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-dimethylamino-butan-1-one (crude product from A) are dissolved in 330 ml of acetonitrile. 98.1 g (0.57 mol) of benzyl bromide are slowly added dropwise, with stirring. After the mixture has been stirred at room temperature for 12 hours, the solvent is distilled off in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in 500 ml of water and the solution is heated to 55°-60°. 113 g of a 34% NaOH solution (0.96 mol) are added dropwise at this temperature and the mixture is subsequently stirred for 30 minutes.

After cooling, the reaction mixture is extracted with diethyl ether and the ether phase is dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated. 117.1 g of crude product which is used without further purification for the subsequent reaction remain. The NMR spectrum of the crude product agrees with the structure given.

NMR (CDCl₃)--δ(ppm): 8.1-8.53 (m, 2H); 6.76-7.5 (m, 7,H); 3.16 (s, 2H); 2.33 (s, 6H); 1.53-2.2 (m, 2H); 0.65 (t, 3H).

C) 1-(4-Dimethylaminophenyl)-2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-butan-1-one ##STR23##

A stirred autoclave is filled with 50 g (0.167 mol) of 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-dimethylamino-2-benzylbutan-1-one (crude product from B), 300 ml of dimethylformamide and 23.1 g (0.167 mol) of potassium carbonate. 22.6 g (0.5 mol) of dimethylamine are then added under pressure (3-4 bar). The mixture is heated to 100° and stirred at this temperature for 24 hours.

After cooling, the excess dimethylamine is evaporated off and the reaction mixture is poured onto ice/water and extracted with diethyl ether. The ether phase is washed with water, dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated in vacuo. The liquid residue is purified by means of medium-pressure chromatography, ethyl acetate/hexane 15:85 being used as the eluting agent.

44 g of crude product which crystallizes from ethanol are obtained.

Melting point 77°-80°. Analysis Calculated C 77.74%, H 8.70%, N 8.63%; Found C 77.59%, H 8.71%, N 8.62%.

EXAMPLE 2: Preparation of an α-Allyl Ketone D) 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-morpholino-2-ethylpent-4-en-1-one

A dispersion of 12.4 g (0.51 mol) of sodium hydride in 50 ml of hexane is diluted with 300 ml of dimethylformamide (DMF). A solution of 117.7 g (0.47 mol) of 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-morpholinobutan-1-one in 250 ml of DMF is added dropwise to this suspension in the course of 2 hours, with stirring.

70.8 g (0.58 mol) of allyl bromide are added at room temperature in the course of one hour and the reaction mixture is heated at 110° until no further starting material can be detected in a sample by thin-layer chromatography. After cooling, the reaction mixture is poured onto ice/water and extracted with diethyl ether. The ether phase is dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated in vacuo.

127 g of an oily crude product which can be used without further purification for the subsequent reaction are obtained as the residue. The NMR spectrum of the crude product corresponds to the structure given.

NMR (CDCl₃), δ(ppm): 8.46 (d×d, 2H); 7 (t, 2H); 4.8-6.5 (m, 3H); 3.5-3.9 (m, 4H); 2.4-3.2 (m, 6H); 1.7-2.3 (m, 2H); 0.75 (t, 3H).

EXAMPLE 3: Amination of the Nucleus under Normal Pressure E) 2-Benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan-1-one

608.7 g (2.03 mol) of 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-butan-1-one (Example 1, B), 354.2 g (4.06 mol) of morpholine, 562 g (4.06 mol) of K₂ CO₃ and 2000 ml of dimethylsulfoxide are heated at 160° for 12 hours, with stirring. After this time, a sample no longer shows any starting ketone in a thin-layer chromatogram. The reaction solution is cooled to room temperature, poured onto ice and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic phase is dried over MgSO₄, filtered and evaporated. The oily residue crystallizes from ethanol. The product melts at 111°-119°.

Analysis Calculated C 75.37%, H 8.25%, N 7.64%; Found C 75.40%, H 8.27%, N 7.63%.

EXAMPLE 4: Preparation of a Diallyl Ketone F) 2-Dimethylamino-1-(4-(fluorophenyl)-4-penten-1-one ##STR24##

118 g (0.65 mol) of α-dimethylamino-4-fluoroacetophenone are dissolved in 350 ml of acetonitrile. 94.5 g (0.78 mol) of allyl bromide are slowly added dropwise to this solution at about 25° and the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. The solvent is evaporated off in vacuo and the solid residue is dissolved in warm water (about 60°). After slow addition of 169 ml of 30% aqueous NaOH (1.27 mol) and cooling to room temperature, the mixture is extracted with diethyl ether. The ether phase is dried and evaporated. The residue obtained is crude 2-dimethylamino-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-penten-1-one in the form of an oil, which is used without further purification for the subsequent reaction. The NMR spectrum of the product is in good agreement with the structure given: 7.83-8.23 m (2H, H_(B)), 6.9-7.26 m (2H, H_(A)), 4.76-6.0 m (3H, H_(olefin)), 3.96 d×d (1H, J=6 Hz, J=8.5 Hz, Hc), 2.2-2.7 m (2H, H_(D)), 2.3s (6H, H_(E)).

G) 4-Dimethylamino-4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-hepta-1,6-diene ##STR25##

131 g (0.59 mol) of the crude product from F) in 350 ml of acetonitrile and 85.9 g (0.71 mol) of allyl bromide are reacted as in F). Neutralization of the reaction mixture is carried out with 160 ml of 30% NaOH (1.2 mol). The crude product is likewise isolated as in F). The reaction product is a yellowish oil which can be used without further purification for the next stage (amination of the nucleus).

NMR (CDCl₃): 8.53-8.1 m (2H, H_(B)), 7.2-6.7 m (2H, H_(A)), 6.1-4.7 m (6H, H_(olefin)), 2.8-2.5 m (4H, H_(allyl)), 2.4s (6H, N--CH₃).

EXAMPLE 5: Synthesis of 3,6-Dibutyryl-9-butyl-9H-carbazole H) Synthesis of N-butylcarbazole

A suspension of 100 g (0.6 mol) of carbazole in 200 ml of toluene is heated under reflux, with stirring. After cooling to 95°, first 6.8 g (0.12 mol) of triethylbenzylammonium chloride and then a solution of 169.8 g of KOH in 180 ml of water are added. The temperature thereby drops to 65°. 205.6 g (1.5 mol) of butyl bromide are now added in the course of 5 minutes, with vigorous stirring, whereupon the temperature rises to 92°. The mixture is kept under reflux for a further 10 minutes, all the carbazole dissolving. The aqueous phase is then removed. The toluene phase is washed with a little water, dried over Na₂ CO₃ and evaporated in vacuo. The oily residue is dissolved in 300 ml of warm hexane and the solution is clarified. On cooling, the product crystallizes in beige-coloured crystals of melting point 50°-52°.

I) Friedel-Crafts Reaction

46.9 g (0.44 mol) of butyryl chloride are added dropwise to a suspension of 93.3 g (0.7 mol) of AlCl₃ in 100 ml of methylene chloride in the course of 30 minutes, while stirring and cooling to -10° to -5°. A solution of 22.3 g (0.1 mol) of N-butylcarbazole in 50 ml of CH₂ Cl₂ is then added dropwise at -10° to -5° in the course of 2 hours. The suspension is stirred at 0° to 20° for 16 hours and then poured onto ice. The emulsion formed is extracted twice with CHCl₃ and the extract is washed with water:, dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated. The crude 3,6-dibutyryl-9-butyl-9H-carbazole is re-crystallized from 80 ml of ethanol. The resulting crystals have a melting point of 107°-109°.

3,6-Dipropionyl-9-butyl-9H-carbazole, which has a melting point of 142°-144°, is obtained in an analogous manner from 81.4 g of propionyl chloride and 44.7 g of N-butylcarbazole.

The products listed in the following tables are prepared analogously to the general Preparation Examples A-I.

    TABLE 1       -       ##STR26##                                                                               C      ompound  Physical  Analysis       No. R.sup.5 R.sup.1 R.sup.2 NR.sup.3       R.sup.4 properties C H N S       1      ##STR27##       Allyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 58-61° calc.found 72.1172.08      8.928.97 8.85%8.73%       2      ##STR28##       Allyl Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc.found 71.4971.56 8.678.64      9.25%9.04%       3      ##STR29##       Benzyl Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 90-92° calc.found 74.9775.09       8.018.09 7.95%7.71%       4      ##STR30##       Allyl Allyl       ##STR31##       oil calc.found 71.3271.24 8.168.12 7.56%7.57%       5      ##STR32##       Allyl Ethyl       ##STR33##       oil calc.found 70.3669.87 8.438.41 7.81%7.64%       6 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 N Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 77-80°      calc. 77.74 8.70 8.63%             found 77.59 8.71 8.62%        7 (CH.sub.3).sub.2  Allyl Allyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 75.48 9.15      9.78%             found 75.48 9.25 9.48%       8      ##STR34##       Allyl Allyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 65-67° calc.found 73.1473.05      8.598.51 8.59%9.51%       9 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 N Allyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 34-37°      calc. 74.41 9.55 10.21%             found 74.29 9.55 10.23%      10       ##STR35##       Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 110-119° calc.found 75.3775.3      8 8.258.32 7.64%7.62%      11 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 N Benzyl Allyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 68-70°      calc. 78.53 8.39 8.33%             found 78.54 8.38 8.10%       12 (CH.sub.3).sub.2       N Benzyl Benzyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 132-133° calc. 80.79 7.82      7.25%             found 80.71 7.91 7.21%      13 CH.sub.3       S Allyl Ethyl      ##STR36##       oil calc.found 67.6867.43 7.897.81 4.38%4.22%      14 CH.sub.3       S Allyl Allyl      ##STR37##       oil calc.found 68.8568.83 7.617.56 4.23%4.17%      15 CH.sub.3 O Allyl Allyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 74.69 8.48 5.12%               found 74.54 8.48 5.04%      16 CH.sub.3       O Allyl Allyl      ##STR38##       oil calc.found 72.3572.51 7.998.09 4.44%4.14%      17 CH.sub.3       O Allyl Phenyl      ##STR39##       m.p. 84-86° calc.found 75.1974.97 7.177.14 3.99%3.91%      18 CH.sub.3       O Allyl Ethyl      ##STR40##       oil calc.found 71.2671.19 8.308.44 4.62%4.57%      19 CH.sub.3 S Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 73.35 7.69 4.28      9.79%             found 73.47 7.69 4.12 9.61%       20 CH.sub.3 S Allyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 69.27 8.35 5.05      11.55%             found 69.24 8.41 5.00 11.41%       21 CH.sub.3 S Allyl Benzyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 74.29 7.42 4.12      9.44%             found 74.22 7.44 3.92 9.26%       22 CH.sub.3 S Allyl Allyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 70.55 8.01 4.82      11.08%             found 70.58 8.00 4.70 10.93%       23 CH.sub.3 S 4-Fluoro- Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 68.85 6.69      4.22 9.67%         benzyl    found 68.89 6.84 4.06 9.57%       24 CH.sub.3 S 4-Chloro- Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 69-70°      calc. 65.60 6.37 4.03 9.22%         benzyl    found 65.30 6.34 3.92 9.25%       25 CH.sub.3 S 2-Chloro- Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 65.59 6.37      4.03 9.22%         benzyl    found 65.98 6.51 3.97 9.09%       26 CH.sub.3 S 4-Bromo- Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 58.16 5.65      3.57 8.17%         benzyl    found 58.35 5.71 3.44 7.99%      27 CH.sub.3       S Methallyl Ethyl      ##STR41##       oil calc.found 68.4368.41 8.168.28 4.203.93 9.61%9.53%      28 CH.sub.3       S 2-Butenyl Ethyl      ##STR42##       oil calc.found 68.4368.46 8.168.20 4.204.08 9.61%9.63%      29 CH.sub.3       S Allyl Benzyl      ##STR43##       oil calc.found 72.4072.51 7.137.31 3.673.52 8.40%8.25%      30 CH.sub.3       S Allyl Butyl      ##STR44##       oil calc.found 69.1268.98 8.418.29 4.033.80 9.23%9.26%      31 CH.sub.3 S 4-Methyl- Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 74-75°      calc. 73.35 7.69 4.28 9.79%         benzyl    found 72.84 7.72 4.29 9.66%       32 CH.sub.3 S 4-Methyl- Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 66.81 7.01      3.89 17.83%         thio-    found 66.70 7.17 3.69 17.41%         benzyl       33 CH.sub.3 S 4-Methoxy- Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 69.93 7.34      4.08 9.33%         benzyl    found 69.50 7.38 3.84 9.49%      34 CH.sub.3       S Allyl Methyl      ##STR45##       oil calc.found 66.8566.92 7.597.60 4.594.53 10.50%10.50%      35 CH.sub.3 S Allyl Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 68.40 8.04 5.32      12.17%             found 68.09 8.07 5.32 12.16%      36 CH.sub.3       S Allyl Phenyl      ##STR46##       m.p. 97-99° calc.found 71.9071.76 6.867.00 3.813.70 8.72%8.74%      37 CH.sub.3 S Allyl Phenyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 73.81 7.12 4.30      9.85%             found 73.36 7.10 4.05 9.78%       38 CH.sub.3 S Benzyl Phenyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 142-143°      calc. 76.76 6.71 3.73 8.54%             found 76.95 6.75 3.77 8.50%      39       ##STR47##       Allyl Methyl       ##STR48##       oil calc.found 69.7469.43 8.198.33 8.13%7.87%      40       ##STR49##       Allyl Benzyl       ##STR50##       m.p. 150° calc.found 74.2674.22 7.677.66 6.66%6.68%      41 (CH.sub.3).sub.2       N Allyl Ethyl      ##STR51##       oil calc.found 72.1272.14 8.928.95 8.85%8.62%      42 (CH.sub.3).sub.2       N Allyl Methyl      ##STR52##       waxy calc.found 71.4971.51 8.678.72 9.26%9.12%      43       ##STR53##       Benzyl Benzyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 177-178° calc.found      78.4778.57 7.537.59 6.54%6.47%      44 (CH.sub.3).sub.2       N Allyl Allyl      ##STR54##       oil calc.found 73.1473.42 8.598.84 8.53%7.83%      45 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 N Allyl Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 73.81      9.29 10.76%             found 73.41 9.06 9.65%      46       ##STR55##       Allyl Benzyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 91-93° calc.found 76.1676.27 7      .998.04 7.40%7.12%      47 (CH.sub.3).sub.2       N Methallyl Ethyl      ##STR56##       m.p. 79-84° calc.found 72.6972.57 9.159.24 8.48%8.49%      48 (CH.sub.3).sub.2       N 2-Butenyl Ethyl      ##STR57##       oil calc.found 72.6972.12 9.159.17 8.48%7.99%      49       ##STR58##       2-Butenyl Ethyl       ##STR59##       oil calc.found 70.9370.61 8.668.75 7.52%6.93%      50       ##STR60##       Methallyl Ethyl       ##STR61##       oil calc.found 70.9370.42 8.668.71 7.52%7.11%      51 (CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.2       N Allyl Methyl      ##STR62##       oil calc.found 67.6667.81 8.788.76 7.17%7.25%      52 (C.sub.4 H.sub.9).sub.2       N Allyl Methyl      ##STR63##       oil calc.found 74.5774.62 9.919.87 7.25%7.30%      53       ##STR64##       Allyl Methyl       ##STR65##       oil calc.found 70.5570.27 8.748.81 11.75%11.64%      54 CH.sub.3 O Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 77.13 8.09 4.50%              found 77.09 8.15 4.47%      55 (C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2       N Allyl Methyl      ##STR66##       oil calc.found 72.6972.66 9.159.15 8.48%8.24%      56       ##STR67##       Allyl Methyl       ##STR68##       m.p. 98-99° calc.found 73.1473.10 8.598.59 8.53%8.48%      57       ##STR69##       Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 76-81° calc.found 79.0878.96 8      .858.79 7.68%7.60%      58       ##STR70##       Allyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc.found 76.3976.40 9.629.50      8.90%8.74%      59 (C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2 N Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc.      78.36 9.15 7.95%             found 77.79 9.08 7.14%       60 (C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2 N Allyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc.      75.45 9.99 9.26%             found 75.35 9.80 8.70%       61 HOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 S Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 70.55      7.61 3.92 8.97%             found 70.18 7.51 3.71 8.95%      62 HOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2       S Allyl Ethyl      ##STR71##       oil calc.found 65.3064.54 7.797.76 4.013.79 9.17%9.35%      63 (CH.sub.2 CHCH.sub.2).sub.2       N Allyl Methyl      ##STR72##       oil      64 CH.sub.3 S 4-Benzoyl- Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 135-136°      calc. 74.79 6.52 3.35 7.68%         benzyl    found 74.53 6.56 3.24 7.55%       65 H 3,4-Dimeth- Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 116-117° calc.      73.36 7.69 4.27%         oxybenzyl    found 73.03 7.73 4.11%       66 CH.sub.3 S 3,4-Dimeth- Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 67.53 7.29      3.75 8.58%         oxybenzyl    found 67.41 7.32 4.03 8.99%       67 H 4-Benzoyl- Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 106-108° calc.      80.83 6.78 3.77%         benzyl    found 80.22 6.75 3.79%       68 F Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 62-65° calc. 76.22 7.41      4.68%             found 76.07 7.40 4.60%       69 F Allyl Allyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil      70       ##STR73##       Allyl Ethyl       ##STR74##       vitreous calc.found 67.4266.98 6.487.10 3.283.12 7.50%7.51%      71 CH.sub.3 SO.sub.2  Allyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 74-75°      calc. 62.11 7.49 4.53 10.36%             found 62.03 7.48 4.50 10.27%      72       ##STR75##       Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 107-108° calc.found 71.6971.4      6 6.716.68 3.223.16 7.36%7.39%      73 CH.sub.3 SO.sub.2  Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 vitreous calc.      66.82 7.01 3.90 8.92%             found 66.74 7.01 3.81 8.94%      74 F Allyl Methyl       ##STR76##       oil calc.found 69.2969.02 7.277.47 5.05%4.86%      75 F Allyl Allyl       ##STR77##       oil calc.found 71.2671.19 7.317.25 4.62%4.50%      76 F Allyl Benzyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil       77 F Benzyl Benzyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil       78 F Allyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil      79 F Allyl Benzyl       ##STR78##       oil      80 F Allyl Ethyl       ##STR79##       oil      81 F Benzyl Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil       82 F Allyl Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil       83 HO Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 110-119°       84 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 OOCCH.sub.2 O Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil      calc. 72.04 7.62 3.65%             found 72.00 7.62 3.57%       85 HOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 73.87      7.97 4.10%             found 73.83 8.09 3.82%       86 Cl Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 67-69° calc. 72.25      7.02 4.43%             found 72.32 7.03 4.34%       87 Br Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 53-55° calc. 63.34      6.15 3.89%             found 63.22 6.19 3.87%      88 Br Allyl Ethyl       ##STR80##       oil calc.found 57.9658.42 6.306.42 3.98%3.94%      89 CH.sub.3       O 1-Propenyl Ethyl      ##STR81##       oil calc.found 71.2671.31 8.318.31 4.62%4.42%      90 CH.sub.3       O Allyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil                 91 (CH.sub.3).sub.2       N Allyl Benzyl      ##STR82##       oil calc.found 76.1676.17 7.997.98 7.40%7.13%      92 (CH.sub.3).sub.2       N Benzyl Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 107-108°      93 H Allyl Methyl       ##STR83##       liquid calc.found 74.1074.28 8.168.37 5.40%5.31%      94 H Allyl Benzyl       ##STR84##       oil calc.found 78.7778.82 7.517.76 4.11%3.73%      95 H Allyl Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 liquid calc. 77.40 8.80 6.45%                    found 77.34 8.79 6.41%       96 H Benzyl Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 liquid calc. 80.86 7.92 5.24%                  found 80.80 8.06 5.17%       97 H Allyl Allyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 79.97 8.70 5.76%             found 78.77 8.75 5.64%       98 H Benzyl Benzyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil       99 H Allyl Benzyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 81.87 7.90 4.77%             found 81.70 7.84 4.65%       100  H Allyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 liquid calc. 77.88 9.15 6.05%                  found 77.85 9.17 6.01%       101  H Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 81.10 8.24 4.98%                    found 81.14 8.45 4.93%      102        H Allyl Phenyl      ##STR85##       m.p. 87-88° calc.found 78.4778.17 7.217.10 4.36%4.32%      103  H 4-Chloro- Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 86-87° calc. 71.63      6.68 4.64%         benzyl    found 71.58 6.67 4.62%       104  H 4-Bromo- Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 101-102° calc.      62.43 5.82 4.04%         benzyl    found 62.35 5.86 3.96%       105  H 2-Chloro- Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 71.63 6.68 4.64%            benzyl    found 71.12 6.66 4.35%       106  H 3,4-Dimeth- Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 116-117° calc.      73.36 7.69 4.27%         oxybenzyl    found 73.03 7.69 4.11%       107  H 4-Methyl- Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 81.10 8.24 4.98%            benzyl    found 80.57 8.23 4.94%       108  H 4-Methyl- Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 72.80 7.40 4.47%            thiobenzyl    found 72.70 7.39 4.34%       109  H 4-Fluoro- Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 75.76 7.06 4.91%            benzyl    found 75.82 7.09 4.74%       110  H 4-Methoxy- Methyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc. 76.74 7.80 4.70%           benzyl    found 76.39 7.78 4.51%      111        F Methallyl Ethyl      ##STR86##       oil      112        F 2-Butenyl Ethyl      ##STR87##       oil      113       ##STR88##       Allyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3)(Benzyl) oil calc.found 76.4976.58 8.228.30      6      7.14%.81%      114       ##STR89##       Allyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3)(Ally) oil calc.found 73.6573.68 8.838.82      8.18%7.90%      115       ##STR90##       Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3)(Benzyl) m.p. 60-65° calc.found 78.7078.5      9 7.747.87 6.33%6.66%      116       ##STR91##       Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3)(C.sub.4 H.sub.9) oil calc.found 76.4376.31     8      8.88.83 6.86%6.73%      117       ##STR92##       Allyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3)(C.sub.4 H.sub.9) oil calc.found 73.7073.60      9.569.56 7.81%7.66%      118  CH.sub.3       CONH Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 glass                   119       ##STR93##       Benzyl Propyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 glass calc.found 75.7576.08 8.488.54      7.36%6.96%      120       ##STR94##       Allyl Propyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 62-64° calc.found 72.6972.51 9      .158.97 8.48%8.53%      121  CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2       O Allyl Methyl      ##STR95##       oil calc.found 68.4468.26 8.168.24 4.20%3.97%      122  HOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2       S Allyl Isopropyl      ##STR96##       oil      123        Br Allyl Methyl      ##STR97##       oil      124        Br Allyl Isopropyl      ##STR98##       oil      125  HOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2       S Allyl Methyl      ##STR99##       oil calc.found 64.4564.78 7.517.48 4.183.92 9.56%9.63%      126  CH.sub.2 CHCH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2       O Allyl Ethyl      ##STR100##       oil calc.found 70.7570.75 8.378.25 3.75%3.76%      127  CH.sub.2 CHCH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2       O Allyl Methyl      ##STR101##       oil      128  CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2       O Allyl Ethyl      ##STR102##       oil calc.calc. 69.1469.23 8.418.34 4.03%3.93%      129  CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NH Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil         130  CH.sub.3       NH Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil                      131       ##STR103##       Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil      132       ##STR104##       Benzyl Ethyl N(C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2 m.p. 76-79° calc.found      76.1075.83 8.698.64 7.10%7.09%      133       ##STR105##       Allyl Ethyl N(C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2 oil calc.found 73.2273.03 9.369.40 8      .13%7.64%      186       ##STR106##       Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 103-105° C. calc.found      76.1075.80 8.688.75 7.10%7.07%      240       ##STR107##       4-Isobutyl-benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 136-137° C.      calc.found 76.4376.26 8.888.83 6.86%6.71%      246       ##STR108##       4-(2-Bromo-ethyl)-benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 resin calc.found      63.4263.13 7.037.28 5.92%5.54%      264       ##STR109##       4-Methyhl-benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 75-76°       C. calc.found 75.7575.61 8.488.53 7.36%7.26%      265       ##STR110##       4-Butyl-benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 resin calc.found 76.7476.58      9.069.12 6.63%6.45%      266       ##STR111##       4-Isobutyl-benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 m.p. 77-80° C.      calc.found 76.7476.60 9.069.10 6.63%6.62%      267  CH.sub.3 O(CH.sub.2).sub.3 NH Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil      calc. 74.96 8.57 7.60%             found 75.39 8.52 7.40%      268       ##STR112##       Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc.found 73.1473.07 8.358.07      6.82%6.77%      269       ##STR113##       Benzyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc.found      71.3471.11 8.438.64 6.16%5.96%      270       ##STR114##       Allyl Ethyl N(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3).sub.2 oil calc.found      68.2967.91 8.979.21 6.92%6.75%

                                      TABLE 2                                      __________________________________________________________________________      ##STR115##                                                                    Compound                                  Physical  Analysis                   No.   R.sup.5   R.sup.6                                                                           R.sup.8                                                                           R.sup.9                                                                            R.sup.1                                                                             R.sup.2                                                                             NR.sup.3 R.sup.4                                                                     properties                                                                               C  H   N                   __________________________________________________________________________     140   CH.sub.3 O                                                                               CH.sub.3                                                                          H  CH.sub.3                                                                           Benzyl                                                                              Ethyl                                                                               N(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                                    m.p. 68-70°                                                                   calc.                                                                              77.84                                                                             8.61                                                                               4.13%                                                               found                                                                              77.71                                                                             8.63                                                                               3.93%               141   Cl        H  Cl H   Benzyl                                                                              Ethyl                                                                               N(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                                    oil   calc.                                                                              65.15                                                                             6.04                                                                               4.00%                                                               found                                                                              65.07                                                                             5.93                                                                               3.95%               142   Cl        Cl H  H   Allyl                                                                               Ethyl                                                                               N(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                                    oil   calc.                                                                              60.01                                                                             6.38                                                                               4.67%                                                               found                                                                              59.95                                                                             6.39                                                                               4.80%               143   Cl        Cl H  H   Benzyl                                                                              Ethyl                                                                               N(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                                    oil   calc.                                                                              65.15                                                                             6.04                                                                               4.00%                                                               found                                                                              65.19                                                                             6.23                                                                               3.86%               144                                                                                   ##STR116##                                                                              Cl H  H   Allyl                                                                               Ethyl                                                                               N(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                                    oil   calc. found                                                                        65.04 64.40                                                                       7.76 7.82                                                                          7.98% 7.72%         145                                                                                   ##STR117##                                                                              Cl H  H   Benzyl                                                                              Ethyl                                                                               N(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                                    m.p. 110-111°                 146   (CH.sub.3).sub.2 N                                                                       H  H  C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                                    Benzyl                                                                              Ethyl                                                                               N(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                                    oil                                  147   (CH.sub.3).sub.2 N                                                                       H  CH.sub.3                                                                          H   Benzyl                                                                              Ethyl                                                                               N(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                                    m.p.  calc.                                                                              78.06                                                                             8.93                                                                               8.28%                                                         101-103°                                                                      found                                                                              77.97                                                                             8.92                                                                               8.22%               __________________________________________________________________________

                  TABLE 3                                                          ______________________________________                                          ##STR118##                                                                    Compound                                                                       No.      R.sup.1  R.sub.2  NR.sup.3 R.sup.4                                                                            R.sup.17                               ______________________________________                                         148      Benzyl   Ethyl    N(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                                           C.sub.4 H.sub.9                        149      Allyl    Methyl                                                                                   ##STR119##  C.sub.4 H.sub.9                        ______________________________________                                         Compound Physical                                                              No.      property           C     H     N                                      ______________________________________                                         148      glass     calc.    80.08 8.16  6.67%                                                     found    80.24 7.40  6.41%                                  149      glass     calc.    73.81 8.09  7.17%                                                     found    73.66 8.05  6.87%                                  ______________________________________                                    

                                      TABLE 4                                      __________________________________________________________________________     Salts                                                                           ##STR120##                                                                    Compound             Melting  Analysis                                         No.   A              point    C  H  N                                          __________________________________________________________________________     150   CF.sub.3 COO   55-56°                                                                       calc.                                                                              62.49                                                                             6.50                                                                              5.83%                                                                found                                                                              62.18                                                                             6.64                                                                              5.54%                                      151                                                                                   ##STR121##    90-95°                                                                       calc. found                                                                        66.89 66.76                                                                       7.11 7.38                                                                         5.20% 4.78%                                152                                                                                   ##STR122##     95-105°                                                                     calc. found                                                                        66.19 65.57                                                                       7.74 8.04                                                                         4.68% 4.38%                                __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 5: Photocuring of a Blue Printing Ink

A blue printing ink is prepared in accordance with the following formulation:

62 parts of Setalin® AP 565 (urethane acrylate resin from Synthese, Holland),

15 parts of 4,4'-di-(β-acryloyloxyethoxy)-2,2-diphenylpropane (Ebecryl® 150, UCB, Belgium) and

23 parts of Irgalithblau® GLSM (Ciba-Geigy AG, Basle).

The mixture is homogenized on a 3-roll mill and ground down to a particle size of <5 μm.

In each case 5 g of this printing ink are mixed homogeneously with the desired amount of photoinitiator on a plate grinding machine under a pressure of 180 kg/m², while cooling with water. Samples with 3% and 6% of photoinitiator--based on the printing ink--are prepared.

Offset prints are made from these printing inks on 4×20 cm strips of art printing paper using a specimen printing apparatus (Pr ufbau, FR Germany). The printing conditions are: amount of printing ink applied: 1-5 g/m², pressing pressure (line pressure): 25 kp/cm, printing speed: 1 m/second.

A printing roller with a metallic surface (aluminium) is used here.

The printed samples are cured in a UV irradiation apparatus from PPG using two lamps of 80 W/cm each. The irradiation time is varied by varying the rate of transportation of the sample.

The surface drying of the printing ink is tested by the so-called transfer test immediately after the irradiation. White paper is thereby pressed onto the printed sample under a line pressure of 25 kp/cm. If the paper remains colourless, the test has been passed. If visible amounts of colour are transferred to the test strips, this is an indication that the surface of the sample has not cured sufficiently.

The maximum rate of transportation at which the transfer test was still passed is shown in Table 5.

To test for complete curing of the printing ink, offset prints are likewise produced as described above, but printing rollers with a rubber surface are used and the metallic side of aluminum-coated strips of paper are printed.

The irradiation is carried out as described above. Complete curing is tested in a REL complete curing tester immediately after the irradiation. In this, an aluminium cylinder over which fabric is stretched is placed on the printed sample and rotated once around its own axis under a pressure of 220 g/cm² in the course of 10 seconds. If visible damage is thereby caused to the sample, the printing ink has not completely cured sufficiently. The maximum rate of transportation at which the REL test was still passed is given in the tables.

                  TABLE 5                                                          ______________________________________                                                     Concen-   Transfer    REL Test                                     Photoinitiator                                                                             tration   Test (m/min)                                                                               (m/min)                                      ______________________________________                                         Compound No. 1                                                                             3%        >170        150                                                      6%        >170        >170                                         Compound No. 2                                                                             3%        >170        130                                                      6%        >170        >170                                         Compound No. 3                                                                             3%        >170        140                                                      6%        >170        >170                                         Compound No. 4                                                                             3%        >170        130                                                      6%        >170        >170                                         Compound No. 5                                                                             3%        >170        120                                                      6%        >170        >170                                         Compound No. 6                                                                             3%        >170        160                                                      6%        >170        >170                                         Compound No. 7                                                                             3%        >170        130                                                      6%        >170        >170                                         Compound No. 8                                                                             3%        >170        150                                                      6%        >170        >170                                         Compound No. 9                                                                             3%        >170        130                                                      6%        >170        >170                                         Compound No. 10                                                                            3%        >170        130                                                      6%        >170        160                                          Compound No. 11                                                                            3%        >170        130                                                      6%        >170        160                                          Compound No. 39                                                                            3%        140         80                                                       6%        >170        140                                          Compound No. 40                                                                            3%        110         70                                                       6%        140         70                                           Compound No. 41                                                                            3%        >170        110                                                      6%        >170        150                                          Compound No. 42                                                                            3%        110         60                                                       6%        >170        90                                           Compound No. 44                                                                            3%        110         70                                                       6%        >170        110                                          Compound No. 45                                                                            3%        >170        110                                                      6%        >170        160                                          Compound No. 46                                                                            3%        >170        120                                                      6%        >170        160                                          Compound No. 47                                                                            3%        >170        50                                           Compound No. 48                                                                            3%        >170        110                                          Compound No. 51                                                                            3%        70          50                                                       6%        >170        110                                          Compound No. 53                                                                            3%        120         60                                                       6%        >170        130                                          Compound No. 63                                                                            3%        80          40                                                       6%        >170        80                                           Compound No. 91                                                                            3%        110         70                                                       6%        >170        70                                           Compound No. 92                                                                            3%        >170        100                                                      6%        >170        120                                          Compound No. 118                                                                           3%        140         100                                          Compound No. 119                                                                           3%        160         80                                           Compound No. 120                                                                           3%        170         150                                          Compound No. 121                                                                           3%        120         90                                           Compound No. 125                                                                           3%        130         100                                          Compound No. 148                                                                           3%        120         80                                           Compound No. 149                                                                           3%        170         110                                          ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 6: Photocuring of a White Lacquer

A white lacquer is prepared in accordance with the following formulation:

17.6 g of Ebecryl® 593 (polyester acrylate resin from UCB, Belgium),

11.8 g of N-vinylpyrrolidone,

19.6 g of titanium dioxide RTC-2 (titanium dioxide from Tioxide, England),

19.6 g of Sachtolith® HDS (lithopone from Sachtleben Chemie, FRG),

11.8 g of trimethylolpropane trisacrylate and

19.6 g of Setalux® UV 2276 (acrylated epoxy resin based on bisphenol A, Kunstharzfabrik Synthese, Holland).

The above components are ground down to a particle size of not more than 5 μm together with 125 g of glass beads (diameter 4 mm) in a 250 ml glass bottle for at least 24 hours.

The stock paste thus obtained is divided into portions, each portion is mixed with in each case 2% of the photoinitiators shown in Table 6 by stirring at 60° C. and the mixtures are ground again with glass beads for 16 hours.

The white lacquers thus prepared are applied in a thickness of 70 μm to glass plates using a doctor blade. The samples are exposed on the one hand in a PPG irradiation apparatus with a 80 W/cm lamp and on the other hand in an irradiation apparatus from Fusion Systems (USA) using a D lamp, in each case in one passage. The rate of passage of the samples through the irradiation apparatus is thereby increased continuously until adequate curing no longer occurs. The maximum rate at which a lacquer film which is still wipe-proof forms is shown in Table 6 as "curing rate".

                  TABLE 6                                                          ______________________________________                                         Photoinitiator                                                                             Curing rate (m/minute)                                             (in each case 2%)                                                                          PPG appartus 80 W                                                                              Fusion D lamp                                      ______________________________________                                         Compound No. 1                                                                             60              130                                                Compound No. 3                                                                             50              170                                                Compound No. 4                                                                             50              110                                                Compound No. 6                                                                             140             >200                                               Compound No. 7                                                                             80              >200                                               Compound No. 8                                                                             70              150                                                Compound No. 12                                                                            50              120                                                Compound No. 14                                                                            70              --                                                 Compound No. 15                                                                            50              --                                                 ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 7: Sensitized Photocuring of a White Lacquer

The procedure is as in Example 6. However, in addition to the 2% of photoinitiator, 0.5% (based on the lacquer) of isopropylthioxanthone is also added as a sensitizer. A noticeable increase in the curing rate thereby occurs. The results are shown in Table 7.

                  TABLE 7                                                          ______________________________________                                                             Curing rate                                                Photoinitiator      (m/minute)                                                 (in each case 2%)                                                                         Sensitizer                                                                              PPG apparatus                                                                              Fusion D lamp                                  ______________________________________                                         Compound No. 1                                                                            --       60          130                                                       0.5%     130         180                                            Compound No. 3                                                                            --       50          170                                                       0.5%     100         >200                                           Compound No. 4                                                                            --       50          110                                                       0.5%     80          160                                            Compound No. 6                                                                            --       140         >200                                                      0.5%     170         >200                                           Compound No. 7                                                                            --       80          >200                                                      0.5%     170         >200                                           Compound No. 8                                                                            --       70          150                                                       0.5%     120         >200                                           Compound No. 12                                                                           --       50          120                                                       0.5%     110         >200                                           ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 8: Photocuring of a Black Offset Printing Ink

A photocurable black offset printing ink is mixed with in each case 3% of the photoinitiators shown in Table 8 and paper laminated with aluminium foil is printed with the ink in an application amount of 1.5 g/m², the procedure being as in Example 5. Curing is also carried out as described in Example 5 in the PPG apparatus with two lamps of 80 Watt. The curing is checked by the transfer test--as described in Example 5. Table 8 indicates the maximum rate of transportation in the irradiation apparatus at which the transfer test is still just passed.

                  TABLE 8                                                          ______________________________________                                                       Curing rate                                                      Photoinitiator                                                                               PPG apparatus (m/min)                                            ______________________________________                                         Compound No. 6                                                                               120                                                              Compound No. 8                                                                               130                                                              Compound No. 9                                                                               130                                                              Compound No. 10                                                                              110                                                              ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 9: Preparation of a Photoresist

A mixture of

    ______________________________________                                         37.64 g   pentaerythritol trisacrylate                                         10.76 g   hexamethoxymethylmelamine                                                      (Cymel®301, Cyanamid Corp.)                                      47.30 g   of a thermoplastic carboxylated polyacrylate                                   (Carboset®525, Goodrich Corp.) and                               4.30 g    of polyvinylpyrrolidone                                              100.00 g                                                                       ______________________________________                                    

is dissolved in a mixture of 319 g methylene chloride and 30 g methanol. To this solution are added 0.5 g Irgalithgreen® GLN (Ciba-Geigy AG) and compound 10 as photoinitiator in the amounts indicated in table 9.

The viscous solution is applied to aluminium sheets in a thickness of 200 μm. After drying for 15 minutes at 60° the thickness is about 45 μm. The sample is covered with a polyester sheet (76 μm). An optical 21 step wedge (Stouffer wedge) is placed on the sheet and fixed by vacuum. The sample is irradiated for 20 seconds through the wedge with a 5 kW lamp at a distance of 30 cm. Afterwards the sheet is removed and the sample is developed in an ultrasonics bath. The developer employed is a solution of 15 g of Na₂ SiO₃.9H₂ O, 0.16 g of KOH, 3 g of polyethylene glycol 6000 and 0.5 g of levulinic acid in 1000 g of water. After being briefly dried at room temperature, the samples are assessed. Table 9 indicates the highest step which is completely reproduced and has a non tacky surface. The higher the step, the more sensitive is the system.

                  TABLE 9                                                          ______________________________________                                         Initiator          Highest step                                                ______________________________________                                         0.1% of compound No. 10                                                                           10                                                          0.5% of compound No. 10                                                                           14                                                          1.0% of compound No. 10                                                                           16                                                          ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 10: Preparation of a Printing Plate

88.6 parts of a butadiene/styrene copolymer (Cariflex® TR 1107, Shell Chemie) are plastisized on a calander at 140°. Then 11 parts of hexanediol diacrylate, 0.3 part of a phenolic antioxidant (Topanol® OC, ICI Comp.), 0.01 part of Sudan Black B and 0.4 part of compound 10 are admixed at 100° and the mixture is homogenized at this temperature.

Plates of 2 mm thickness are pressed from this mixture between two polyester sheets. The back of the plates is irradiated through the sheet in a BASF-Nyloprint irradiation device with 40 W lamps. The sheet on the face of the plate is replaced by a test negative and this side is exposed for 6 minutes through this negative.

The exposed sample is developed in a brushing bath with a mixture of 4 parts of tetrachloroethylene and 1 part of butanol, while washing out the soluble parts. After drying for 60 minutes at 80° the second sheet is removed and the printing plate is immersed successively in a 0.4 % aqueous bromine solution and a 1.5 % solution of Na₂ S₂ O₃ /Na₂ CO₃ followed by rinsing with water.

Finally, each side is irradiated for a further 6 minutes. All parts of the test negative are reproduced clearly. The depth of the indentations is 34 μm, the hight of the relief is 450 μm. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A photocurable composition containing(A) at least one ethylenically unsaturated photopolymerizable compound, (B) at least one compound of the formula I ##STR123## in which Ar₁ is an aromatic radical of the formula IV ##STR124## R₅ is a group --N(R₂₀)(R₂₁) or --OR₁₈, R₁ is either (a) a radical of the formula ##STR125## or (b) a radical of the formula --CH(R₁₃)Ar₂, in which, if R₅ is --OR₁₈, Ar₂ is a phenyl radical which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, C₁ -C₄ alkoxy, C₁ -C₈ alkylthio or --(OCH₂ CH₂)_(n) OCH₃, or benzoyl, or in which, if R₅ is --N(R₂₀)(R₂₁), Ar₂ is a phenyl radical which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, C₁ -C₄ alkoxy, or --(OCH₂ CH₂)_(n) OCH₃, n being 1-10 R₂, if R₅ is --N(R₂₀)(R₂₁), has one of the meanings of R₁ or is C₁ -C₈ alkyl, or, R₂, if R₅ is --OR₁₈, is C₁ -C₁₈ alkyl or phenyl, R₃ and R₄ independently of one another are C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, C₁ -C₄ alkyl, which is substituted by C₁ -C₄ alkoxy, --CN or --COO(C₁ -C₄ alkyl), or are allyl, cyclohexyl, or benzyl, or R₃ and R₄ together are C₄ -C₆ alkylene, which can be interrupted by --O-- or --N(R₁₇)--, R₆ is hydrogen, halogen, C₁ -C₄ alkyl, or has one of the meanings of R₅, R₇ and R₈ are hydrogen or halogen, R₉ is hydrogen or C₁ -C₄ alkyl, R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₅ and R₁₆ independently of one another are hydrogen or methyl, R₁₇ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₄ alkyl, benzyl, 2-hydroxyethyl or acetyl, R₁₈ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₄ alkyl, benzyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-allyloxyethyl, allyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, Si(CH₃)₃ or C₁ -C₆ alkyl, which is substituted by --COO(C₁ -C₄ alkyl), R₂₀ and R₂₁ independently of one another are hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, C₂ -C₆ alkoxyalkyl, acetyl, allyl or benzyl, or R₂₀ and R₂₁ together are C₄ -C₆ alkylene, which can be interrupted by --O-- or --N(R₁₇)--, in the case where R₁ is allyl and R₂ is methyl, R₅ is not --OCH₃, and in the case where R₁ is benzyl and R₂ is methyl or benzyl, R₅ is not OCH₃.
 2. A photocurable composition according to claim 1, containing(A) at least one ethylenically unsaturated photopolymerizable compound, (B) at least one compound of the formula I as a photoinitiator, and (C) a white or colored pigment.
 3. A photocurable composition according to claim 2, containing(A) at least one ethylenically unsaturated photopolymerizable compound, (B) at least one compound of the formula I as a photoinitiator, (C) a white or colored pigment, and (D) an aromatic carbonyl compound from the benzophenone, thioxanthone, anthraquinone, 3-acylcoumarine or 3-(aroylmethylene)-thiazoline class as a photosensitizer.
 4. A photocurable composition according to claim 1 containing(A) at least one ethylenically unsaturated photopolymerizable compound, (B) a mixture of B₁) at least one compound of the formula I and B₂) an aryltitanocene derivative which is substituted by fluorine or CF₃ in the aryl radical, as a photoinitiator. 